The Montessori method
Book - 1964
Saved in:
- Subjects
- Published
-
New York,
Schocken Books
[1964]
- Language
- English
Italian - Main Author
- Item Description
- Translation of Il metodo della pedagogia scientifica.
- Physical Description
- xxxix, 376 p. illus. 21 cm
- Bibliography
- Bibliography: p. xxxv-xxxix.
- ISBN
- 9780805209228
- Acknowledgments
- Preface
- Introduction
- Chapter I. A Critical Consideration Of The New Pedagogy In Its Relation To Modern Science
- Influence of Modern Science upon Pedagogy
- Italy's part in the development of Scientific Pedagogy
- Difference between scientific technique and the scientific spirit
- Direction of the preparation should be toward the spirit rather than toward the mechanism
- The master to study man in the awakening of his intellectual life
- Attitude of the teacher in the light of another example
- The school must permit the free natural manifestations of the child if in the school Scientific Pedagogy is to be born
- Stationary desk and chairs proof that the principle of slavery still informs the school
- "Conquest of liberty, what the school needs"
- What may happen to the spirit
- "Prizes and punishments, the bench of the soul"
- "All human victories, all human progress, stand upon the inner force"
- Chapter II. History Of Methods
- Necessity of establishing the method peculiar to Scientific Pedagogy
- "Origin of educational system in the use in the "Children's Houses"
- Practical application ofhte methods of Itard and Séguin in the Orthophrenic School at Rome
- Origin of the methods for the education of deficients
- Application of the methods in Germany and France
- Séguin's first didactic material was spiritual
- Methods for deficients applied to the education of normal children
- "Social and pedagogic importance of the "Children's Houses"
- Chapter III. "Inaugural Address Delivered On The Occasion Of The Opening Of One Of The "Children's Houses"
- "The Quarter of San Lorenzo before and since the establishment of the "Childrens' Houses"
- Evil of subletting the most cruel form of usury
- The problem of life more profound than that of the intellectual elevation of the poor
- "Isolation of the masses of the poor, unknown to past venturies"
- Work of the Roman Association of Good Building and the moral importance of their reforms
- "The "Children's House" earned by the parents through their care of the building"
- "Pedagogical organization of the "Children's House"
- "The "Children's House" the first step toward the socialisation of the house"
- The communised house in its relation to the home and to the spiritual evolution of women
- "Rules and regulations of th e"Children's Houses"
- Chapter IV. "Pedagogical Methods Used In The "Children's Houses"
- Child psychology can be established only through the method of external observation
- Anthropological consideration
- Anthropological notes
- Environment and schoolroom furnishings
- Chapter V. Discipline
- Discipline through liberty
- Independence
- Abolition of prizes and external forms of punishment
- Biological concept of liberty in pedagogy
- Chapter VI. How The Lesson Should Be Given
- Characteristics of the individual lessons
- Method of observation the fundamental guide
- Difference between the scientific and unscientific methods illustrated
- "First task of educators to stimulate life, leaving it then free to develop"
- Chapter VII. Exercises Of Practical Life
- "Suggested schedule for the "Children's Houses"
- The child must be prepared for the forms of social life and his attention attracted to these forms
- "Cleanliness, order, poise, conversation"
- Chapter VIII. Refection-The Child's Diet
- Diet must be adapted to the child's physical nature
- Foods and their preparation
- Drinks
- Distribution of meals
- Chapter IX. Muscular Education-Gymnastics
- Generally accepted idea of gymnastics is inadequate
- The special gymnastics necessary for little children
- Other pieces of gymnastic apparatus
- Free gymnastics
- Educational gymnastics
- "Respiratory gymnastics, and labial, dental, lingual gymnastics"
- Chapter X. Nature In Education-Agricultural Labour: Culture Of Plants And Animals
- The savage of the Aveyron
- Itard's educative drama repeated it the education of little children
- Gardening and horitculture basis of a method for education of children
- The child initiated into observation of the phenomena of life and into foresight by way of auto-education
- "Children are initiated into the virtue of patience and into confident expectation, and are inspired with a feeling for nature"
- The child follows the natural way of development of the human race
- Chapter XI. "Manual Labour-The Potter's Art, And Building"
- Difference between manual labour and manual gymnastics
- The School of Educative Art
- "Archæological, historica, and artistic importance of the vase"
- Manufacture of diminutive bricks and construction of diminutive walls and houses
- Chapter XII. Education Of The Senses
- Aim of education to develop the energies
- Difference in the reaction between deficient and normal children in the presentation of didatic material made up of graded stimuli
- Education of the senses has as its aim the refinement of the differential perception of stimuli by means of repeated exercises
- Three Periods of Séguin
- Chapter XIII. "Education Of The Senses And Illustrations Of The Didactic Material: General Sensibility: The Tactile, Thermic, Baric And Stereognostic Senses"
- "Education of the tactile, thermic and baric senses"
- Education of the stereognostic sense
- Education of the senses of taste and smell
- Education of the sense of vision
- Exercises with the three series of cards
- Education of the chromatic sense
- Exercise for the discrimination of sounds
- Musical education
- Tests for acuteness of hearing
- A lesson in silence
- C
- Originof aphabets in present use
- Chapter XVII. Description Of The Method And Didactic Material Used
- Exercise tending to develop the muscular mechanism necessary in holding and using the instrument in writing
- Didactic material for writing
- "Exercise tending to establish the visual-muscular image of the alphabetical signs, and to establish the muscular memory of the movements necessary to writing"
- Exercises for the composition of words
- "Reading, the interpretation of an idea from written signs"
- Games for the reading of phrases
- "Point education has reached in the "Children's Houses"
- Chapter XVIII. Language In Childhood
- Physiological importance of graphic language
- Two periods in the development of language
- Analysis of speech necessary
- Defects of language due to education
- Chapter XIX. Teaching Of Numeration: Introduction To Arithmetic
- Numbers as represented by graphic signs
- Exercises for the memory of numbers
- Addition and subtraction from one to twenty: multiplication and division
- Lessons on decimals: arithmetical calculations beyond ten
- Chapter XX. Sequence Of Exercises
- Sequence and grades in the presentation of material and in the exercises
- First grade
- Second grade
- Third grade
- Fourth grade
- Fifth grade
- Chapter XXI. General Review Of Discipline
- Discipline better than in ordinary schools
- First dawning of discipline comes through work
- Orderly action is the true rest for muscles intended by nature for action
- "The exercise that develops life consists in the repetition, not in the mere grasp of the idea"
- "Aim of repetition that the child shall refine his senses through the exercise of attention, of comparison, of judgment"
- Obedience is naturally sacrifice
- Obedience develops will-power and the capacity to perform the act it becomes necessary to obey
- Chapter XXII. Conclusions And Impressions
- "The Teacher has become the director of spontaneous work in the "Children's Houses"
- The problems of religious education should be solved by positive pedagogy
- "Spiritual influence of the "Children's Houses"