The sense of an ending

Julian Barnes

Book - 2011

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FICTION/Barnes, Julian
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Subjects
Published
New York : Alfred A. Knopf c2011.
Language
English
Main Author
Julian Barnes (-)
Edition
1st American ed
Item Description
"This is a Borzoi book."
Physical Description
163 p.
ISBN
9780307360816
9780307957122
Contents unavailable.
Review by New York Times Review

MANY literary careers have been made, and doubtless more will be, by conveying the inwardness, awkwardness and social anxiety that constrict British mores like a very tightly wrapped cummerbund. This suffocating self-consciousness lies at the heart of British humor, whether in the farcical scramble of trying to keep up appearances or the risible but sincere terror of being mocked - which sniping English schoolboys still fear, even when they're grown up, bald and 70. It takes a brave author to mine this dynamic for pathos instead of sniggers. Evelyn Waugh did it in "Brideshead Revisited," as did Philip Larkin in "Jill." (Think of the scholarship boy John Kemp, who "tingled and shuddered" with embarrassment when his posh Oxford roommate's friend caught him looking at her with desire.) And Kazuo Ishiguro did it in "The Remains of the Day," which won the Man Booker Prize in 1989. Now, with his powerfully compact new novel, "The Sense of an Ending" - which has just won the 2011 Booker Prize - Julian Barnes takes his place among the subtly assertive practitioners of this quiet art. Barnes, it goes without saying, is a much-decorated veteran of English literature's emotional battlefields, one who has covered this terrain many times before. But in "The Sense of an Ending" - his 14th work of fiction - he engages with the untidy collisions of the human struggle more directly than ever, even as he remains characteristically light on his feet. In many of his earlier novels, Barnes tackled sexual jealousy, insecurity and competition in an almost jaunty manner. When a husband in "Before She Met Me" guzzles wine and weeps, tormented by thoughts of his wife's past lovers, a friend dryly remarks, "Doesn't sound much fun." In "Talking It Over" and "Love, Etc.," in which two men take turns marrying the same woman, all three members of the ménage are too sophisticated to show much pique. And in more elaborately scaffolded novels like "Flaubert's Parrot" and "Arthur and George," Barnes encases any sharp-edged questions of love in the sheathing of plots about historical figures. But in "The Sense of an Ending," he has dispensed with detachment and shed his armor plating. The new book is a mystery of memory and missed opportunity. Tony Webster, a cautious, divorced man in his 60s who "had wanted life not to bother me too much, and had succeeded," receives an unexpected bequest from a woman he'd met only once, 40 years earlier. The mother of his college girlfriend, Veronica, has bequeathed him £500 - a legacy that unsettles Tony, pushing him to get in touch with Veronica (their relationship had ended badly) and seek answers to certain unresolved questions. Had he loved Veronica? (At the time, it was an emotion he had lacked the spine to own up to.) What had happened to the energetic boy he used to be, "book-hungry, sex-hungry, meritocratic, anarchistic," who thought of himself as "being kept in some kind of holding pen, waiting to be released" into an engaged adult life of "passion and danger, ecstasy and despair"? And what ever became of the friend he and Veronica both knew back then, a brainy, idealistic boy named Adrian Finn? Gradually, Tony assembles his willfully forgotten past impressions and actions, joining together the links that connect him to these people, as if trying to form a "chain of individual responsibilities" that might explain how it happened that his life's modest wages had resulted in "the accumulation, the multiplication, of loss." Adrian had impressed Tony when he announced his exasperation with their country's national pose of perpetual insouciance. "I hate the way the English have of not being serious about being serious, I really hate it," Adrian declared. Hearing this, Tony had felt a "throb of vindication." But his vindication was unfounded; it belied his own noncommittal nature. Adrian's indifference to playing it cool somehow made him the leader of the boys' clique when they were teenagers; he became the one they looked up to. Yet Tony never emulated Adrian, and was guilty of the pose Adrian deplored: pretending not to care. He pays for this failure again and again, from his 20s to his 60s. "Does character develop over time?" Tony asks himself, wondering at the "larger holding pen" that has come to contain his adult life. Maybe character freezes sometime between the ages of 20 and 30, he speculates. "And after that, we're just stuck with what we've got. We're on our own. If so, that would explain a lot of lives, wouldn't it? And also - if this isn't too grand a word - our tragedy." Tony's tragedy, "if this isn't too grand a word," is that he avoids deep connection rather than embracing it, for fear of risking its loss. In college he did not consummate his relationship with Veronica, telling himself that abstinence spared him burdensome conversations about "where the relationship was heading." He pretends that this was his choice: "Something in me was attracted to women who said no." But 40 years later, her mother's gift reawakens Tony's memories of steamy "infra-sex" with Veronica - sensual fumblings that took place while they were mostly clothed. "Part of me hadn't minded not 'going the whole way,'" he decides. It had protected him from "an overwhelming closeness I couldn't handle." Not long after the breakup with Veronica, Tony had met, married and (eventually) been divorced from a nonenigmatic woman with "clear edges," someone he knew he wouldn't mind losing terribly much. In Margaret, he sought a mature, "peaceable" life. Decades later, he sees the fraudulence in that discretion. "We thought we were being mature when we were only being safe. We imagined we were being responsible but were only being cowardly. What we called realism turned out to be a way of avoiding things rather than facing them." But who does Tony enfold into his "we"? His agonized analysis is entirely self-referential, as solitary and armored as the man himself. Decades earlier, Tony had accused Veronica of an "inability to imagine anyone else's feelings or emotional life," but it was he, not she, who was incapable of looking outside his own head. Barnes's unreliable narrator is a mystery to himself, which makes the novel one unbroken, sizzling, satisfying fuse. Its puzzle of past causes is decoded by a man who is himself a puzzle. Tony resembles the people he fears, "whose main concern is to avoid further damage to themselves, at whatever cost," and who wound others with a hypersensitivity that is insensitive to anything but their own needs. "I have an instinct for survival, for self-preservation," he reflects. "Perhaps this is what Veronica called cowardice and I called being peaceable." "The Sense of an Ending" is a short book, but not a slight one. In it Julian Barnes reveals crystalline truths that have taken a lifetime to harden. He has honed their edges, and polished them to a high gleam. 'What we called realism turned out to be a way of avoiding things rather than facing them.' Liest Schillinger is a regular contributor to the Book Review.

Copyright (c) The New York Times Company [November 13, 2011]
Review by Booklist Review

At once commanding and subtle, Barnes has created a refined novel intensely suspenseful in its emotional complexities and exemplary in its arresting tropes, rhythms, revelations, and musings on the puzzle of time and the mysteries of memory and desire. And how masterfully Barnes induces us, page by page, to revise our perceptions of and feelings toward his ensnared narrator. Cordially divorced and smugly retired, Tony is yanked out of complacency by a perplexing letter. The recently deceased mother of his disastrous first love has inexplicably bequeathed him the diary of a school friend of his who committed suicide. As Tony seeks an explanation, Barnes turns evocative motifs--the way Tony and his friends wore their watches with the faces on the inside of their wrists; the night Tony witnessed the Severn Bore, a powerful tidal surge that reverses the river's flow--into metaphors for how we distort the past and how oblivious we are to the pain of others. Short-listed for the Man Booker Prize, Barnes' sublimely modulated and profoundly disquieting tale of delusion, loss, and remorse ends devastatingly with a crescendo twist. HIGH-DEMAND BACKSTORY: Barnes is a British author Americans follow with high attention, and this novel secured him the Man Booker Prize.--Seaman, Donna Copyright 2010 Booklist

From Booklist, Copyright (c) American Library Association. Used with permission.
Review by Publisher's Weekly Review

In Barnes's (Flaubert's Parrot) latest, winner of the 2011 Man-Booker Prize, protagonist Tony Webster has lived an average life with an unremarkable career, a quiet divorce, and a calm middle age. Now in his mid-60s, his retirement is thrown into confusion when he's bequeathed a journal that belonged to his brilliant school-friend, Adrian, who committed suicide 40 years earlier at age 22. Though he thought he understood the events of his youth, he's forced to radically revise what he thought he knew about Adrian, his bitter parting with his mysterious first lover Veronica, and reflect on how he let life pass him by safely and predictably. Barnes's spare and luminous prose splendidly evokes the sense of a life whose meaning (or meaninglessness) is inevitably defined by "the sense of an ending" which only death provides. Despite its focus on the blindness of youth and the passage of time, Barnes's book is entirely unpretentious. From the haunting images of its first pages to the surprising and wrenching finale, the novel carries readers with sensitivity and wisdom through the agony of lost time. (Oct.) © Copyright PWxyz, LLC. All rights reserved.


Review by Library Journal Review

When we look back on our lives, what do we remember from our experiences? Tony's story starts and finishes with his school chums, one of whom commits suicide during his college years, and his first girlfriend. When he is contacted by someone from 40 years in his past, he must reexamine events, memories, causes, and results. The pacing is steady and the insights poignant, although the ending is a bit contrived. Narrator Richard Morant moves smoothly between the awkward, loud voice of an English schoolboy, the all-knowing college student, and the resigned elder. VERDICT Barnes's 14th book and winner of the Man Booker Prize, this short novel will best appeal to readers of introspective literature. [The Knopf hc, published in October, was a New York Times best seller.-Ed.]-J. Sara Paulk, Wythe-Grayson Regional Lib., Independence, VA (c) Copyright 2012. Library Journals LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of Media Source, Inc. No redistribution permitted.

(c) Copyright Library Journals LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of Media Source, Inc. No redistribution permitted.
Review by Kirkus Book Review

Copyright Kirkus Reviews, used with permission.

Copyright (c) Kirkus Reviews, used with permission.

I remember, in no particular order:   -- a shiny inner wrist; -- steam rising from a wet sink as a hot frying pan is laughingly tossed into it; -- gouts of sperm circling a plughole, before being sluiced down the full length of a tall house; -- a river rushing nonsensically upstream, its wave and wash lit by half a dozen chasing torchbeams; -- another river, broad and grey, the direction of its flow disguised by a stiff wind exciting the surface; -- bathwater long gone cold behind a locked door.   This last isn't something I actually saw, but what you end up remembering isn't always the same as what you have witnessed.   We live in time -- it holds us and moulds us -- but I've never felt I understood it very well. And I'm not referring to theories about how it bends and doubles back, or may exist elsewhere in parallel versions. No, I mean ordinary, everyday time, which clocks and watches assure us passes regularly: tick-tock, click-clock. Is there anything more plausible than a second hand? And yet it takes only the smallest pleasure or pain to teach us time's malleability. Some emotions speed it up, others slow it down; occasionally, it seems to go missing -- until the eventual point when it really does go missing, never to return.   I'm not very interested in my schooldays, and don't feel any nostalgia for them. But school is where it all began, so I need to return briefly to a few incidents that have grown into anecdotes, to some approximate memories which time has deformed into certainty. If I can't be sure of the actual events any more, I can at least be true to the impressions those facts left. That's the best I can manage.   There were three of us, and he now made the fourth. We hadn't expected to add to our tight number: cliques and pairings had happened long before, and we were already beginning to imagine our escape from school into life. His name was Adrian Finn, a tall, shy boy who initially kept his eyes down and his mind to himself. For the first day or two, we took little notice of him: at our school there was no welcoming ceremony, let alone its opposite, the punitive induction. We just registered his presence and waited.   The masters were more interested in him than we were. They had to work out his intelligence and sense of discipline, calculate how well he'd previously been taught, and if he might prove 'scholarship material'. On the third morning of that autumn term, we had a history class with Old Joe Hunt, wryly affable in his three-piece suit, a teacher whose system of control depended on maintaining sufficient but not excessive boredom.   'Now, you'll remember that I asked you to do some preliminary reading about the reign of Henry VIII.' Colin, Alex and I squinted at one another, hoping that the question wouldn't be flicked, like an angler's fl y, to land on one of our heads. 'Who might like to offer a characterisation of the age?' He drew his own conclusion from our averted eyes. 'Well, Marshall, perhaps. How would you describe Henry VIII's reign?'   Our relief was greater than our curiosity, because Marshall was a cautious know-nothing who lacked the inventiveness of true ignorance. He searched for possible hidden complexities in the question before eventually locating a response.   'There was unrest, sir.'   An outbreak of barely controlled smirking; Hunt himself almost smiled.   'Would you, perhaps, care to elaborate?'   Marshall nodded slow assent, thought a little longer, and decided it was no time for caution. 'I'd say there was great unrest, sir.'   'Finn, then. Are you up in this period?'   The new boy was sitting a row ahead and to my left. He had shown no evident reaction to Marshall's idiocies.   'Not really, sir, I'm afraid. But there is one line of thought according to which all you can truly say of any historical event -- even the outbreak of the First World War, for example -- is that "something happened".'   'Is there, indeed? Well, that would put me out of a job, wouldn't it?' After some sycophantic laughter, Old Joe Hunt pardoned our holiday idleness and filled us in on the polygamous royal butcher.   At the next break, I sought out Finn. 'I'm Tony Webster.' He looked at me warily. 'Great line to Hunt.' He seemed not to know what I was referring to. 'About something happening.'   'Oh. Yes. I was rather disappointed he didn't take it up.' That wasn't what he was supposed to say.   Another detail I remember: the three of us, as a symbol of our bond, used to wear our watches with the face on the inside of the wrist. It was an affectation, of course, but perhaps something more. It made time feel like a personal, even a secret, thing. We expected Adrian to note the gesture, and follow suit; but he didn't.   Later that day -- or perhaps another day -- we had a double English period with Phil Dixon, a young master just down from Cambridge. He liked to use contemporary texts, and would throw out sudden challenges. ' "Birth, and Copulation, and Death" -- that's what T. S. Eliot says it's all about. Any comments?' He once compared a Shakespearean hero to Kirk Douglas in Spartacus . And I remember how, when we were discussing Ted Hughes's poetry, he put his head at a donnish slant and murmured, 'Of course, we're all wondering what will happen when he runs out of animals.' Sometimes, he addressed us as 'Gentlemen'. Naturally, we adored him. That afternoon, he handed out a poem with no title, date or author's name, gave us ten minutes to study it, then asked for our responses.   'Shall we start with you, Finn? Put simply, what would you say this poem is about ?'   Adrian looked up from his desk. 'Eros and Thanatos, sir.'   'Hmm. Go on.'   'Sex and death,' Finn continued, as if it might not just be the thickies in the back row who didn't understand Greek. 'Or love and death, if you prefer. The erotic principle, in any case, coming into conflict with the death principle. And what ensues from that conflict. Sir.'   I was probably looking more impressed than Dixon thought healthy.   'Webster, enlighten us further.'   'I just thought it was a poem about a barn owl, sir.'   This was one of the differences between the three of us and our new friend. We were essentially taking the piss, except when we were serious. He was essentially serious, except when he was taking the piss. It took us a while to work this out.   Adrian allowed himself to be absorbed into our group, without acknowledging that it was something he sought. Perhaps he didn't. Nor did he alter his views to accord with ours. At morning prayers he could be heard joining in the responses while Alex and I merely mimed the words, and Colin preferred the satirical ploy of the pseudo-zealot's enthusiastic bellow. The three of us considered school sports a crypto-fascist plan for repressing our sex-drive; Adrian joined the fencing club and did the high jump. We were belligerently tone-deaf; he came to school with his clarinet. When Colin denounced the family, I mocked the political system, and Alex made philosophical objections to the perceived nature of reality, Adrian kept his counsel -- at first, anyway. He gave the impression that he believed in things. We did too -- it was just that we wanted to believe in our own things, rather than what had been decided for us.   Hence what we thought of as our cleansing scepticism. The school was in central London, and each day we travelled up to it from our separate boroughs, passing from one system of control to another. Back then, things were plainer: less money, no electronic devices, little fashion tyranny, no girlfriends. There was nothing to distract us from our human and filial duty which was to study, pass exams, use those qualifications to find a job, and then put together a way of life unthreateningly fuller than that of our parents, who would approve, while privately comparing it to their own earlier lives, which had been simpler, and therefore superior. None of this, of course, was ever stated: the genteel social Darwinism of the English middle classes always remained implicit.   'Fucking bastards, parents,' Colin complained one Monday lunchtime. 'You think they're OK when you're little, then you realise they're just like . . .'   'Henry VIII, Col?' Adrian suggested. We were beginning to get used to his sense of irony; also to the fact that it might be turned against us as well. When teasing, or calling us to seriousness, he would address me as Anthony; Alex would become Alexander, and the unlengthenable Colin shortened to Col.   'Wouldn't mind if my dad had half a dozen wives.'   'And was incredibly rich.'   'And painted by Holbein.'   'And told the Pope to sod off.'   'Any particular reason why they're FBs?' Alex asked Colin.   'I wanted us to go to the funfair. They said they had to spend the weekend gardening.'   Right: fucking bastards. Except to Adrian, who listened to our denunciations, but rarely joined in. And yet, it seemed to us, he had more cause than most. His mother had walked out years before, leaving his dad to cope with Adrian and his sister. This was long before the term 'singleparent family' came into use; back then it was 'a broken home', and Adrian was the only person we knew who came from one. This ought to have given him a whole storetank of existential rage, but somehow it didn't; he said he loved his mother and respected his father. Privately, the three of us examined his case and came up with a theory: that the key to a happy family life was for there not to be a family -- or at least, not one living together. Having made this analysis, we envied Adrian the more.   In those days, we imagined ourselves as being kept in some kind of holding pen, waiting to be released into our lives. And when that moment came, our lives -- and time itself -- would speed up. How were we to know that our lives had in any case begun, that some advantage had already been gained, some damage already inflicted? Also, that our release would only be into a larger holding pen, whose boundaries would be at first undiscernible.   In the meantime, we were book-hungry, sex-hungry, meritocratic, anarchistic. All political and social systems appeared to us corrupt, yet we declined to consider an alternative other than hedonistic chaos. Adrian, however, pushed us to believe in the application of thought to life, in the notion that principles should guide actions. Previously, Alex had been regarded as the philosopher among us. He had read stuff the other two hadn't, and might, for instance, suddenly declare, 'Whereof we cannot speak, thereof must we remain silent.' Colin and I would consider this idea in silence for a while, then grin and carry on talking. But now Adrian's arrival dislodged Alex from his position -- or rather, gave us another choice of philosopher. If Alex had read Russell and Wittgenstein, Adrian had read Camus and Nietzsche. I had read George Orwell and Aldous Huxley; Colin had read Baudelaire and Dostoevsky. This is only a slight caricature.   Yes, of course we were pretentious -- what else is youth for? We used terms like ' Weltanschauung ' and ' Sturm und Drang ', enjoyed saying 'That's philosophically self-evident', and assured one another that the imagination's first duty was to be transgressive. Our parents saw things differently, picturing their children as innocents suddenly exposed to noxious influence. So Colin's mother referred to me as his 'dark angel'; my father blamed Alex when he found me reading The Communist Manifesto ; Colin was fingered by Alex's parents when they caught him with a hard-boiled American crime novel. And so on. It was the same with sex. Our parents thought we might be corrupted by one another into becoming whatever it was they most feared: an incorrigible masturbator, a winsome homosexual, a recklessly impregnatory libertine. On our behalf they dreaded the closeness of adolescent friendship, the predatory behaviour of strangers on trains, the lure of the wrong kind of girl. How far their anxieties outran our experience. Excerpted from The Sense of an Ending by Julian Barnes All rights reserved by the original copyright owners. Excerpts are provided for display purposes only and may not be reproduced, reprinted or distributed without the written permission of the publisher.