The story of science From the writings of Aristotle to the Big Bang theory

Susan Wise Bauer

Book - 2015

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Subjects
Published
New York : W.W. Norton & Company [2015]
Language
English
Main Author
Susan Wise Bauer (author)
Edition
First edition
Physical Description
xx, 316 pages : illustrations ; 25 cm
Bibliography
Includes bibliographical references (pages 279-294) and index.
ISBN
9780393243260
  • List of Illustrations
  • Acknowledgments
  • Preface: Or, How to use this book
  • Part I. The Beginnings
  • 1. The First Science Texts: The first written attempt to explain the physical world in physical terms
  • 2. Beyond Man: The first big-picture accounts of the universe
  • 3. Change: The first theory of evolution
  • 4. Grains of Sand: The first use of mathematics to measure the universe
  • 5. The Void: The first treatise on nature to dispense entirely with the divine
  • 6. The Earth-Centered Universe: The most influential science book in history
  • 7. The Last Ancient Astronomer: An alternate explanation for the universe, with better mathematics, but no more proof
  • Part II. The Birth of the Method
  • 8. A New Proposal: A challenge to Aristotle, and the earliest articulation of the scientific method
  • 9. Demonstration: The refutation of one of the greatest ancient authorities through observation and experimentation
  • 10. The Death of Aristotle: The overthrow of ancient authority in favor of observations and proofs
  • 11. Instruments and Helps: Improving the experimental method by distorting nature and extending the senses
  • 12. Rules of Reasoning: Extending the experimental method across the entire universe
  • Part III. Reading the Earth
  • 13. The Genesis of Geology: The creation of the science of the earth
  • 14. The Laws of the New Science: Two different theories are proposed as explanations for the earth's present form
  • 15. A Long and Steady History: Uniformitarianism becomes the norm
  • 16. The Unanswered Question: Calculating the age of the earth
  • 17. The Return of the Grand Theory: Continental drift
  • 18. Catastrophe, Redux: Bringing extraordinary events back into earth's history
  • Part IV. Reading Life (With Special Reference to Us)
  • 19. Biology: The first systematic attempt to describe the history of life
  • 20. Natural Selection: The first naturalistic explanation for the origin of species
  • 21. Inheritance: The laws, and mechanisms, of heredity revealed
  • 22. Synthesis: Bringing cell-level discoveries and the grand story of evolution together
  • 23. The Secret of Life: Biochemistry tackles the mystery of inheritance
  • 24. Biology and Destiny: The rise of neo-Darwinist reductionism, and the resistance to it
  • Part V. Reading the Cosmos (Reality)
  • 25. Relativity: The limits of Newtonian physics
  • 26. Damn Quantum Jumps: The discovery of subatomic random swerves
  • 27. The Triumph of the Big Bang: Returning to the question of beginnings, and contemplating the end
  • 28. The Butterfly Effect: Complex systems, and the (present) limits of our understanding
  • Notes
  • Works Cited
  • Index
Review by Choice Review

This is an engrossing story of an epic quest for knowledge. From the early Greeks to contemporary investigators, scientists have been detectives seeking to fathom the mysteries of life, the planet, and the cosmos. In five concise and reader-friendly sections, Bauer (College of William and Mary) skillfully transports readers from the earliest philosophers to the birth of the scientific method. She describes how the genesis of geology challenges the dogma of the age of Earth and the science of biology erupts with evolutionary and molecular breakthroughs. Physics and cosmology complete the last section, leaving readers in the new science of chaos. Scientists, with their probing curiosity, are the protagonists in this intriguing and engrossing account. Recognizable scientists such as Hippocrates, Bacon, Wegener, Gleick, Watson, Darwin, Hoyle, Lamarck, and myriad others are deftly portrayed, and their roles in contributing to the field are elaborated by their writings. What is especially enriching in the text is the focus on the science writing of these inquiring pioneers, and each chapter contains names of websites and e-book versions and recommendations for books written by individual scientists. A remarkable resource for a wide audience. Summing Up: Highly recommended. All readers. --Rita A. Hoots, emeritus, Sacramento City College

Copyright American Library Association, used with permission.
Review by Booklist Review

When Lucretius pondered the ceaseless motion of atoms, he inscribed ancient science in lapidary poetry. But Bauer identifies Lucretius as but one link in a long chain of gifted writers who have explored scientific horizons, even if they have not themselves done science. Beginning with Hippocrates' distillation of Thales' theorizing about water, Bauer introduces readers to the early Greek writers including Aristotle and Archimedes who first ventured rational accounts of natural phenomena. She then turns to the seventeenth- and eighteenth-century writers (including Bacon, Galileo, and Newton) who laid out their revolutionary investigative methodology. Finally, readers visit writers who have invited readers into the modern science explaining geology, biology, and the cosmos. To be sure, a world where scientists such as Lyell and Darwin could write for their colleagues in a language understood by a broader audience is gone. But so long as writers such as Hoyle, Weinberg, and even Einstein can still translate their work into the vernacular, general readers will share the intellectual adventure of science. An engaging compendium for serious science students.--Christensen, Bryce Copyright 2015 Booklist

From Booklist, Copyright (c) American Library Association. Used with permission.
Review by Library Journal Review

Bauer (The Well Educated Mind) highlights 36 texts that illustrate the progression of popular scientific thought in the West. The book's Eurocentric worldview cannot be denied: this is not an effort to educate readers about little-known contributors, rather the book is designed to acquaint informed nonspecialists with the greatest editions of classic scientific theories. Each chapter gives the historic context for one to three books by explaining their importance and history. This is followed by the publication information of other editions of the work(s), the ones deemed most accessible by Bauer. Chapters can be read individually but work best in sequence. The organization is mostly chronological, with sections on ancient and early modern works followed by more subject-specific sections (which follow internal chronologies) for geology, biology, and physics. The section on physics is somewhat less tightly connected to the others. Bauer does an especially good job of reminding the reader which biological and geological theories were contemporaries of one another. Helpfully, she notes which parts of the relevant titles readers really need to examine and which can be skipped. A planned companion website will include links to free editions and excerpts from some of the titles. VERDICT Overall, useful to anyone seeking to ground themselves, quickly, in the foundational works of modern science.-Cate Hirschbiel, Iwasaki Lib., Emerson Coll., Boston © Copyright 2015. Library Journals LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of Media Source, Inc. No redistribution permitted.

(c) Copyright Library Journals LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of Media Source, Inc. No redistribution permitted.
Review by Kirkus Book Review

The prolific author of the Story of the World series explores the history of science through the prism of key scientific texts.Bauer (Writing and American Literature/Coll. of William and Mary; The Well-Educated Mind: A Guide to the Classical Education You Never Had, 2003, etc.) explains that her intention is to trace "the development of great science writingthe essays and books that have most directly affected and changed the course of scientific investigation." The author divides the book in five parts, and she provides a historical context for the texts she recommends and explains the reasons for her choices. Part I, "The Beginnings," looks at the seminal writings on medicine by Hippocrates, as well as Plato, Aristotle, Archimedes, and Copernicus, who wrote his groundbreaking Commentariolus in 1514. Bauer compares different translations of the original text and explains their respective merits. In the second part, "The Birth of the Method," the author introduces Newtonian physics, and parts III ("Reading the Earth") and IV ("Reading Life") deal with geology and biology, from earth science to Darwin's theory of natural selection and Crick and Watson's groundbreaking discovery of the structure of DNA. Bauer's recommendations include Watson's The Double Helix and Richard Dawkins' The Selfish Gene. In the final section, "Reading the Cosmos," the author begins with Einstein's theory of relativity and covers works on quantum theory, cosmology, and chaos theory. In addition to guiding inquisitive readers to the original texts that record landmark discoveries, Bauer also seeks to explain "the why" of scientific discovery. The scope of the book makes it susceptible to a certain amount of superficialitye.g., Bauer's discussion of determinism in the context of chaos theorybut that does not detract from its value. A bright, informative resource for readers seeking to understand science through the eyes of the men and women who shaped its history. Copyright Kirkus Reviews, used with permission.

Copyright (c) Kirkus Reviews, used with permission.