Where reasons end A novel

Yiyun Li, 1972-

Book - 2019

"'I had but one delusion, which I held onto with all my willpower: we once gave Nikolai a life of flesh and blood; and I'm doing it over again, this time by words.' In a world created outside of time, Li and the son who died talk about their lives. Deeply intimate and moving, this story cycle of grief captures the love and humor in a relationship which goes on now in a mother's heart, between a mother and child, even as it captures the pain of Li's sadness and loss. Written in the months following her son's death, this powerful book takes readers intimately and unforgettably into Li's grief, even as she transforms the pain into imaginary conversations of great beauty, humor, sadness and love"--

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Subjects
Genres
Autobiographical fiction
Published
New York : Random House [2019]
Language
English
Main Author
Yiyun Li, 1972- (author)
Edition
First edition
Physical Description
170 pages ; 20 cm
ISBN
9781984817372
Contents unavailable.
Review by New York Times Review

Near the beginning of Yiyun Li's elliptical new novel, "Where Reasons End," the unnamed narrator describes the difficult task she has set for herself in writing this particular book, which takes the form of an imagined conversation between a mother and her dead son. "I was a generic parent grieving a generic child lost to an inexplicable tragedy. Already there were three clichés." The first is the word "grieve": Considering the word's etymology - something the narrator often does with words here - she notes it's from the Latin for "to burden" and "grave, heavy" and wonders, in a feat of clarity she repeats many times in the book, "What kind of mother would consider it a burden to live in the vacancy left behind by a child?" The second cliché is "inexplicable": "Nothing inexplicable for me - only I didn't want to explain: A mother's job is to enfold, not to unfold." The third cliché is "tragedy," which neither she nor her son is willing to assess as a description of what happened, except to say that the word originally meant "goat song," and what, even, is that? The humor in this book is subtle yet potent, always followed by a lifelike echo of absurdity. Puns - of which Li, a nonnative English speaker who has now written six books in the language, is delightfully fond - skip from one point to the next until they circle back to the occasion for the conversation: The not-inexplicable not-tragedy the narrator is not-grieving is the suicide of her 16-year-old son, whom she calls Nikolai, though that's not his name. Li wrote "Where Reasons End" in the months after losing her own son to suicide, and the responsibility the fiction writer takes on here mimics that of motherhood, a recurring concern for her. The abject sadness that backgrounds this novel pushes the current debate about the tension between writing and mothering - ushered in by a series of new books on motherhood - past logistical and political concerns into the realm of existential crisis. In fictionalizing this conversation - in doing as she has "always been doing: writing stories" - the narrator has made the meeting between her and her son "take place," though the world in which they talk is not one limited by time or space but rather one "made up by words." Though she tries to establish that the pair no longer have to "abide by the rules that bind a child and a parent," the "guiltless hope" or "hopeless guilt" that surrounds that relationship tugs at them; mother and soon are still locked in a struggle of need and obligation, even as they seem to have gotten along well when Nikolai was alive. (It surely helped that he was the kind of kid who, in middle school, wrote a short story about the Russian Revolution.) Were it not another cliché, I might call Nikolai a fully realized character; he's precociously wise as well as a bitter deliverer of harsh truths both petty and philosophical, often at the same time. "No offense," he tells his mother at one point, "but you don't have an expansive vocabulary." In this situation, who would? When Nikolai occasionally refers to the narrator as "Mommy," or when the mother recounts bathtub and science-fair memories from his life, his death can momentarily be read as a straightforward "tragedy," but both Nikolai and his mother are too "precise" to allow their dialogue to stop there. When the narrator makes oblique reference to her own suicide attempts, the book's stakes are clearer. It's possible, Nikolai notes, that he inherited his self-deception and his willpower from her. "Why did you have children," he asks, again simultaneously specific and general, "if you knew this might happen?" The point of their conversation is not to answer that question. Nor is it to allow the mother to ask her child why he killed himself - "You promised that you would understand," he says, and she knows she does - or to tell the story of his life. Like Li's previous book, a memoir called "Dear Friend, From My Life I Write to You in Your Life," in which she discusses her own suicide attempts, "Where Reasons End" is an interrogation of form - an exploration of what fiction can do and what it can't-as well as an attempt to understand how both to live through suffering and to write about it. The hopeful/guilty mother/writer knows the novel is not actually a conversation with her son, but with herself. The responsibility the fiction writer telkes on here mimics that of motherhood. LAUREN OYLER has written for The New York Times Magazine, The London Review of Books, The Baffler and The New Republic.

Copyright (c) The New York Times Company [June 30, 2019]
Review by Booklist Review

Award-winning Li (Dear Friend, from My Life I Write to You in Your Life, 2017) offers an arresting and unwavering exploration of nearly unimaginable pain and grief. The novel, which takes its title from Elizabeth Bishop's poem ""Argument,"" is narrated by an unnamed mother who has recently lost her 16-year-old son, Nikolai (""not his name, but a name he had given himself, among many other names he had used""), to suicide. The dialogue that follows between the mother, a novelist, and the version of her son she has conjured as her gifted, exacting, and frequently dismissing sparring partner is a series of extraordinary miniature duels. The two dance around the why of their current circumstance, and their conversations, full of the small intimacies, humor, and arguments of their prior life together, underscore the devastation the mother feels in Nikolai's absence. Although it is unclear if the mother takes any comfort from these conversations, her desperation to understand the unfathomable and the depth of her love for her lost child are unmistakable. Li's intricate, enveloping prose will long haunt readers.--Magan Szwarek Copyright 2019 Booklist

From Booklist, Copyright (c) American Library Association. Used with permission.
Review by Publisher's Weekly Review

This heart-wrenching experimental novel from Li (The Vagrants) is framed as a dialogue between a writer and Nikolai, the teenage son she lost to suicide. The novel's title comes from a poem by Elizabeth Bishop, and poetry is very much on the narrator's mind, along with Alice in Wonderland and Wallace Stevens, as the freewheeling conversation turns toward such subjects as semantics, memory, the mechanics of grief, and a love that is "made not to last." Notably absent is a full reconstruction of her son's suicide (this isn't that kind of book), though readers do get to hear the voice of Nikolai-a precocious poet, painter, and oboist. During a conversation with her son, the mother wonders, "What if we accept suffering as we do our hair or eye colors?" Like Joan Didion's The Year of Magical Thinking or Peter Handke's A Sorrow Beyond Dreams, Li's novel tries to find a language to reckon with the unspeakable reality of death. The novel succeeds in Li's approach of skirting the subject in favor of something between the dead's nostalgia for life and regular small talk. This is a unique, poignant, and tender evocation of life as touched irrevocably by death. (Feb.) © Copyright PWxyz, LLC. All rights reserved.

(c) Copyright PWxyz, LLC. All rights reserved
Review by Library Journal Review

"My mom is an immigrant so she speaks English with an accent," Li's son introduces her to his kindergarten class. "Thank you my dear," she responds, "but I still make a living by writing in English." Despite significant literary accolades, hers is not "an expansive vocabulary," her son insists. "Luckily my mind is not limited by my vocabulary," she replies as she conjures her son-dead at 16 by suicide. "We once gave Nikolai a life of flesh and blood; and I'm doing it over again, this time in words." Labeled a novel, Li's stories are many: at three, Nikolai declares he'd live with Li until age 73; at five, he starts a journal ­labeled "Sixty Years of Nikolai," convinced every book title has to include a number of years because of Li's own A Thousand Years of Good Prayers; at eight, he chides Li's editor that she "should have pressed [his mother] to work harder on the backstories." Memories fade, but these impossible conversations become Li's salvation. "What I'm trying to explain is this: Some people live by images, some by sounds. It's words for me." ­VERDICT Sentences, paragraphs, pages later, Li transforms tragedy into a desperate miracle of survival. [See Prepub Alert, 8/13/18.]-Terry Hong, Smithsonian BookDragon, Washington, DC © Copyright 2019. Library Journals LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of Media Source, Inc. No redistribution permitted.

(c) Copyright Library Journals LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of Media Source, Inc. No redistribution permitted.
Review by Kirkus Book Review

A grieving mother creates a palpable, imagined son.In her recent memoir, Li (Dear Friend, from My Life I Write to You in Your Life, 2017, etc.), a MacArthur fellow and winner of several writing awards, revealed having suffered from recurring depression and twice attempting suicide. The consequences of suicide for the living are central to her quiet, unsettling new novel, construed as a conversation between a mother and her dead 16-year-old son, Nikolai. "I was almost you once," his mother tells the child she desperately and passionately imagines back to life, "and that's why I have allowed myself to make up this world to talk with you"about sadness, motherhood, memory, and the inadequacy of words. Although he is precocious, articulate, and often impatientaccusing his mother of resorting to clichsNikolai never explains his reasons for ending his life, saying only, "You promised that you would understand." But though she knows that "contentment was never a word in his dictionary," understanding defies her: She knows nothing of "the bad dreams he had not told me over the years, the steps he had walked and the thoughts he had gone through on his last day." Searching for words to convey her pain, she finds "no good language when it comes to the unspeakable." "Words provided to meloss, grief, sorrow, bereavement, traumanever seemed to be able to speak precisely of what was plaguing me," the mother says. A writer, she once had begun a novel in which a woman lost her son to suicide when she was 44. "I had not known the same thing would happen to me when I was forty-four," she tells her son. "Maybe," he suggests, "you've been writing the novel to prepare yourself." She has always written to prepare herself for losing him, she reflects, "pre-living the pain" as if to inure herself to it. But "pre-living is not living," she says. "I will be sad today and tomorrow, a week from now, a year from now. I will be sad forever."A tender, haunting meditation on loss. Copyright Kirkus Reviews, used with permission.

Copyright (c) Kirkus Reviews, used with permission.

Chapter 1 - Do Not Let Mother Dear Find Us Mother dear, Nikolai said. I was surprised. He used to only call me that when I wasn't paying attention. But here I was, holding on to my attentiveness because that was all I could do for him now. I've never told you how much I loved you calling me that, I said. What did you call Grandma? When I was your age? Mamita, I said. That was endearing, he said. You have to get the name right when you find the person hard to endear, I said. Endear, I thought, what an odd word. Endear. Endure. En-dear. In-dear. Can you out-dear someone? And fancy seeing you here, Nikolai said. One of us made this happen, I said. I blame you. I laughed. Ever so like you, I said. I then explained the liberty I had taken to get myself here. For one thing, I had made time irrelevant. I could be sixteen like you are, I said, or twenty-two, or thirty-seven, or forty-four. I would rather you are not sixteen, he said. Why not? I don't want to feel the obligation to befriend you. We can still be friends even if I am of another age. I don't like making friends with older people. Besides, one can't really be friends with one's mother. Can one not? No. The essence of growing up is to play hide-and-seek with one's mother successfully, Nikolai said. All children win, I said. Mothers are bad at seeking. You did find me. Not as your mother, I said. Don't you notice the sign there (though I knew he couldn't have--I had hung it up while talking with him): Do not let mother dear find us. What are you then? Oh, a runaway bunny like you. How else did we end up here? Here, as I watched my neighbor leave, a box of fresh-baked chocolate cookies in my hands, was a place called nowhere. The rule is, somewhere tomorrow and somewhere yesterday--but never somewhere today. I was neither the White Queen, who sets the rule, nor Alice, who declines to live by the rule. I was a generic parent grieving a generic child lost to an inexplicable tragedy. Already there were three clichés. I could wage my personal war against each one of them. Grieve: from Latin gravare, to burden, and gravis, grave, heavy. What kind of mother would consider it a burden to live in the vacancy left behind by a child? Explicate: from Latin ex (out) + plicare (fold), to unfold. But calling Nikolai's action inexplicable was like calling a migrant bird ending on a new continent lost. Who can say the vagrant doesn't have a reason to change the course of its flight? Nothing inexplicable for me--only I didn't want to explain: A mother's job is to enfold, not to unfold. Tragedy: Now that is an inexplicable word. What was a goat song, after all, which is what tragedy seemed to mean originally? Would you call it a tragedy yourself? I asked Nikolai. In the interim between talking with my neighbor and returning to this page, I realized the world might think I was becoming unhinged. I was not. What I was doing was what I had always been doing: writing stories. In this one the child Nikolai (which was not his real name, but a name he had given himself, among many other names he had used) and his mother dear meet in a world unspecified in time and space. It was not a world of gods or spirits. And it was not a world dreamed up by me; even my dreams were mundane and landlocked in reality. It was a world made up by words, and words only. No images, no sounds. Would you call it a tragedy? he said. I would only say it's sad. It's so sad I have no other adjectives left. Adjectives are my guilty pleasure, he said. I know. You may have to supply me some, I said. Which one word, I wondered, would he come up with to describe my nowhere-ness? Then it occurred to me that he wouldn't give me a word. No matter how much liberty I had taken in this world, I could not change the fact that I had made this meeting take place. It wasn't his choice so he was limited by my ability. I had no words but sadness. Do you want me to feel sad for myself, too? Nikolai said. I thought about the question. I didn't know the answer. I'm not as sad as you think, he said. Not anymore. I didn't need him to tell me that, but wouldn't it be good, my child, if you could still feel sad as I do, because then you could feel other things as I do, too? But I didn't say these words to him. Instead, I told him a story about my high school classmate's mother. The woman grew up on an island in Indonesia. One day she climbed a coconut tree to pick a coconut for her little sister, and plunged from the tree. She did not die but lost most of her hearing from the accident. Later she became a pianist and taught in a conservatory. You had to shout into her ear for her to hear you. I'd never seen her play piano or teach. It was a mystery to me how she could do either. Beethoven was deaf, too, Nikolai said. Only later in his life. She was deaf since she was seven. Was her life more of a tragedy than Beethoven's? No, of course not, I said. The reason I was telling you the story was that I now remember she liked me a lot. As I was talking, more details about the woman and her daughter came to me, the first time I had thought of them in thirty years. My friend was a wild, unruly girl of sixteen, with hair cut by herself, unevenly in the back and front. She failed the college entrance exam and we drifted apart. I had heard she had become a freelance photographer. The friend's mother liked to keep me next to her, feeding me sugared citrus and tea when a group of us visited their apartment. She and I rarely talked, but we smiled at each other often. She was an odd woman, half a head taller than her daughter, who was among the tallest in my class, and she was helplessly quiet in front of her daughter, who often joked that I was a perfect companion for her mother. Not only this friend's mother, I said. Back then I happened to be liked by all my friends' parents. I am not liked by all my friends' parents, Nikolai said with some pride. I know. I admire you for that, I said. All the same, they still cry for you. It doesn't matter now, he said. Had it been me at sixteen, many of my friends' parents would have thought it an inexplicable tragedy. But that knowledge would not have made the world less bleak for me. I hadn't thought about my friend's mother for decades. Other than a few facts about her life and her smile, I didn't know her at all, nor she me. I suppose you're right, I said. Still, I wish you knew how much you are missed by many people. Mommy, Nikolai said, and the way he said it almost made me weep. Mommy, you know that's a cliché. What if life could be saved by clichés? What if life must be lived by clichés? Somewhere tomorrow and somewhere yesterday--never somewhere today but cliché-land. You promised that you would understand, Nikolai said. Understanding I had promised him. And other things, too: a house in the woods, a kitchen with sunlight, many new recipes, rights to my books--after you die I want the rights to the books you've written, but only the good ones, he had said to me at nine. Yet all these promises were as inadequate as love, promise and love being two anchors of cliché-land. That doesn't change how sad I am, I said. But you wouldn't want people to feel sad all the time if you were me. I was almost you once, and that's why I have allowed myself to make up this world to talk with you. Sadness one can live with, but sadness is a helpless garrison against the blindness of tragedy. A mother and a child cannot be contemporaries at any given age, and for that reason my sixteen-year-old self could not befriend yours. Each refusing to be saved, we could not save each other when young. Older--and you were still young--I was the White Queen who put up the sign. Do not let mother dear find us. You were the one better at hiding. 2 - Waylaid by Days Now we have our own rules, I said. A step toward somewhere, isn't it? I didn't say how it had made breathing possible. Life, if not lived, is carried by automatic actions, breathing an inevitable one among them. Once at a party someone asked what were the qualities in other people that set one off. I said imprecision. As though we haven't always lived by our own rules, Nikolai said. His tone, I imagined, would be the same as when he had once said--after I questioned what other mothers would think of his outfit, unsuitable for a concert he was going to--you don't even care what others think of you. Have we always lived by our own rules? But more than the question, I was confused by the tense we used. Queries had been made, and advice given, regarding in what tense I spoke about Nikolai. Yet what makes was different from is, has been from will be? Timeless is this world we are making, tenseless its language. Rules are set to be broken, he said. Deadlines are set to be missed, I said. Deadline as a word used to fascinate me, a word that connects time and space and death with such absoluteness. Promises are made not to be kept, he said. Love is made not to last, I said. A contestable statement, though he chose not to argue. Love was the word we had used at his leave-taking, he knowing it was final, I sensing it was the case. But between sensing and knowing there were seven hours and four states. Only today did I register that people often in their condolence letters called the loss unfathomable. The distance at the moment of loss could be calculated: 189,200 fathoms. (What does it matter that fathom is no longer used to measure from here to there? To obsolete is to let age, from which death is exempted.) Not clear, though, is how to fathom time: from a moment to . . . ​Can forever be the other end point? But why does it bother you if you insist time does not apply to us anymore? Nikolai said. Omniscience was taken for granted in this world where we met now, but omniscience I let only him claim. You're breaking your own rules, he said. Because time still confines and confuses me, I said. Poor you, he said. Waylaid by time. Waylay, I said. I've never used it in my writing. No offense, but you don't have an expansive vocabulary. Luckily my mind is not limited by my vocabulary, I said. (In my head I used the same tone that I had used when Nikolai had introduced me to his kindergarten class: My mom is an immigrant so she speaks English with an accent. Thank you my dear, I had said then, but I still make a living by writing in English.) He turned quiet. I understood. Who wants to hear a mother boast about herself? I turned quiet, too. I was in a subway car. Only a few weeks ago, Nikolai had asked me if it was always this loud underground. We had been on the way to meet my friend, as I was doing today. I can't live in New York, he had said then. I can't afford to lose my hearing. It occurred to me, when I remembered his words now, that I had never paid attention to the noise. I had known I was not sensitive to colors, but to sounds also? How have I lived so blindly and deafly? I said. Perhaps he had gained knowledge to explain that to me. He did not reply. He was eavesdropping on a man and a woman standing next to me. I was late to their story. They were talking about a boy who had killed himself the week before, the son of a mutual acquaintance. Seventeen, the man said. Can you believe it? Oh my god, the woman said. I read it in the papers. I thought to myself, Someone's grandson. Imagine being woken up by that phone call, the man said. How can anyone believe it's real? I waited for Nikolai to say something. He would not defend the other boy, I knew that. They each had their own reasons to make a decision that looked similar only to those wanting an explanation. But I wondered if he would say something clever, that people's sympathy and callousness are like two hands wringing over someone else's disaster. Or, would he poke fun at them on my behalf? Of course you knew it was real right away, did you not? he would say. How can anyone ask a question starting with that silly phrase How can anyone. But he did not say anything. Isn't it strange that her first thought was someone's grandson, I said after the man and the woman exited the car. She just met her first grandchild, Nikolai said. I had missed that part. We went into the tunnel. I wondered if the noise still bothered him. I can hear you fine, he said. Oh, I said. There is one thing that troubles me. I can't find all those poems you wrote. Or those I will write. Touché, I said. I then explained that someone had asked if I had enough of his poetry to make a chapbook. Chap, ChapStick, chapman, chapbook, he said. All sound small to me. Like you're going to make--what did they call it in the old time--a miniature of my mind. How I loved that his ambition and conceit would remain as young as he was. They would be handmade, like what you did in bookbinding, I said. Those notebooks have blank pages. Not all books have to be blank, I said. Everyone agrees you are a beautiful poet. Ha, from reading those doodlings I sent you when I was a kid? he said. You don't understand poetry. You as me, your mother, or you as the world? You as my mommy, he said. Nikolai might be the only sixteen-year-old to still call his mother Mommy. No offense, but your taste is not to be trusted, he said. I laughed. He had said the same thing when we had been in a shop in Edinburgh, choosing woolen and cashmere scarves for him. Those scarves are mine now, I said. Like pass-me-ups? You don't mind my wearing them? I haven't worn them so they're not mine yet. But I do mind, he said, you or anyone reading my poetry. Excerpted from Where Reasons End: A Story Cycle by Yiyun Li All rights reserved by the original copyright owners. Excerpts are provided for display purposes only and may not be reproduced, reprinted or distributed without the written permission of the publisher.