Highly irregular Why tough, through, and dough don't rhyme-and other oddities of the English language

Arika Okrent

Book - 2021

"Perhaps you're reading a book and stop to puzzle over absurd spelling rules, or you hear someone talking and get stuck on an expression, or your kid quizzes you on homework. Suddenly you ask yourself, "Wait, why do we do it this way?" You think about it, try to explain it, and keep running into walls. It doesn't conform to logic. It doesn't work the way you'd expect it to. There doesn't seem to be any rule at all. In Highly Irregular, Arika Okrent answers these questions and many more. Along the way she tells the story of the many influences--from invading French armies to stubborn Flemish printers--that made our language the way it is today"--

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Subjects
Published
New York, NY : Oxford University Press [2021]
Language
English
Main Author
Arika Okrent (author)
Other Authors
Sean O'Neill, 1968- (illustrator)
Physical Description
viii, 264 pages : illustrations ; 22 cm
Bibliography
Includes bibliographical references (pages [251]-254) and index.
ISBN
9780197539408
  • What the Hell, English?
  • The Colonel of Truth: What Is the Deal with the Word Colonel?
  • Fairweather Vowels: Why Is Y a Sometimes Vowel?
  • Hey Large Spender: Why Do We Order a Large Drink and Not a Big One?
  • Crazy English: Why Do We Drive on a Parkway and Park on a Driveway?
  • What the Hell Is with What the Hell?
  • Blaine the Barbarians
  • Thoroughly Tough, Right? Why Don't Tough, Through, and Dough Rhyme?
  • Getting and Giving the General Gist: Why Are There Two Ways to Say the Letter G?
  • Egging Them On: What Is the Egg Doing in Egg On?
  • I Eated All the Cookies: Why Do We Have Irregular Verbs?
  • It Goes By So Fastly: Why Do We Move Slowly but Not Fastly? And Step Softly but Not Hardly?
  • Elegantly Clad and Stylishly Shod: Why Is It Clean-Shaven and Not Clean-Shaved?
  • Six of One, Half a Twoteen of the Other: Why Is It Eleven, Twelve Instead of Oneteen, Twoteen?
  • Woe Is We: Why Is It Woe Is Me, Not I Am Woe?
  • Blame the French
  • A Sizeable, Substantial, Extensive Vocabulary: Why Are There So Many Synonyms?
  • Don't InSULT Me with That INsult: Are There Noun-Verb Pairs That Only Differ by Stress?
  • Without Fail: Why Is It Without Fail and Not Failure or Failing?
  • Ask the Poets Laureate: Why Is It Sum Total and Not Total Sum?
  • Of Unrequited Lof: Why Isn't Of Spelled with a V?
  • Blame the Printing Press
  • Uninvited Ghuests: Why Are Ghost, Ghastly, and Ghoul Spelled with Gh?
  • Gnat, Knot, Comb, Wrist: Why Do We Have Silent Consonants?
  • Coulda, Shoulda, Woulda: Why Is There a Silent L?
  • Peek, Peak, Piece, People: Why Are There So Many Ways to Write the 'Ee' Sound?
  • Crew, Grew, Stew, New ... Sew?: Why Don't Sew and New Rhyme?
  • Blame the Snobs
  • Get Receipts on Those Extra Letters: Why Is There a Pin Receipt, an L in Salmon, and a B in Doubt?
  • Asthma, Phlegm, and Diarrhea: Why All the Extra Letters?
  • The Data Are In on the Octopi: What's the Deal with Latin Plurals?
  • Too Much Discretion: Keeping Discreet and Discrete Discrete, Discreetly
  • Pick a Color/Colour: Can't We Get This Standardized/Standardised?
  • Blame Ourselves
  • Couth, Kempt, and Ruthful: Why Have Some Words Lost Their Better Halves?
  • If It Ain't Broke, Don't Scramble It: Why Is There No Egg in Eggplant?
  • Proving the Rule: How Can an Exception Prove a Rule?
  • How Dare You Say "How Try You"!: Why Dare Isn't Like the Other Verbs
  • Release the Meese: Why Isn't the Plural of Moose Meese?
  • Why Do Noses Run and Feet Smell?: A Corny Joke with a Serious Answer
  • Negative Fixation: Why Can You Say "This Won't Take Long" but Not "This Will Take Long"?
  • Abbreviation Deflation: Why Is There an R in Mrs.?
  • How It Comes to Be: How Come We Say How Come?
  • Phrasal Verbs-Let's Go Over Them: But Don't Try to "Go Them Over" (You Can Look Them Over Though)
  • Terrible and Terrific, Awful and Awesome: How Does the Same Root Get Opposite Meanings?
  • Literally Messed Up: How Did Literally Get to Mean Figuratively?
  • That's Enough Now, English
  • Acknowledgments
  • Notes
  • Bibliography
  • Index
Review by Choice Review

In Highly Irregular, Okrent (author of In the Land of Invented Languages, CH, Mar'10, 47-3633; former contributing editor, Mental Floss) answers the questions that linguists hear from ordinary people--from students in class, at gatherings of relatives, from seatmates on a plane: Why do we sometimes use large and sometimes use big? Why is fastly is not an adverb when slowly is? Why is there an r in Mrs.? What is the backstory of all those silent letters, e.g., in ghastly, receipt, salmon, gnat, and could? In more than 40 brief, readable chapters, Okrent brings both erudition and wit to the history of English and the mechanisms of language change and all the quirky consequences. With illustrations by talented cartoonist Sean O'Neill (of Rocket Robinson fame) on almost every page, Highly Irregular is the sort of book that can be read either at a slow pace (a chapter a day) or straight through. Okrent organized the material into thematic sections around the quirks, such as the spelling of colonel and the illogic of parkway versus driveway; the influences of Scandinavian, French, and the printing press; and the roles of both snobbery and human creativity. Every language should have a book like this one. Summing Up: Essential. All readers. --Edwin L. Battistella, Southern Oregon University

Copyright American Library Association, used with permission.