The wandering mind What Medieval monks tell us about distraction

University of Georgia history professor Kreiner (Legions of Pigs in the Early Medieval West) examines how medieval Christian monks dealt with distraction in this fascinating history. Kreiner proposes that monks, like members of modern society, also struggled with boredom, overstimulation, and intrusive thoughts. While today's sufferers may no longer believe "the urge to take a nap might be a demon's doing," Kreiner shows how other monastic suspicions--for example, that it is "impossible to make progress... among the multiplicities which drag the soul about" (in other words, one can't focus on two things at once)--have been borne out by modern neuroscience (which has shown the brain unable to multitask when performing complex, decision-making work). Though readers may associate distraction with today's fast-paced, technological culture, monks too saw distraction as a "structural feature of their societies" (citing "family, friends, property, work, and daily routines" and more) that only a "return to god" would fix. Kreiner interprets this to mean that, at some level, "distraction is inherent in the experience of being human," even if the content of those distractions is culturally specific. Meticulously detailed and surprisingly accessible, this lends new insight into one of the oldest human preoccupations. Readers will be enlightened. (Jan.)

How medieval monks faced distraction. Tackling the timeless theme of distraction, Kreiner, a professor of history at the University of Georgia, explores what the behavioral habits of medieval Christian monks can teach the modern world. Noting that the distractions we face today--whether it's technology, work, or some other factor--may be greater than in the past, the author points out that to early monastics (male and female alike), distraction was seen as a constant spiritual challenge. From the British Isles to Persia, monks waged a daily war against those things which might distract them from their relationship with God. "Christian monks saw distraction as part of a cosmic drama, whose hum was especially audible in the quiet of their cells," writes Kreiner. Having decided to live a life focused on God and as devoid of earthly connections as possible, monks understood that even the smallest of temptations, thoughts, memories, or sensory experiences could prove hugely problematic. Kreiner examines these distractions--and how monks faced them--using ever smaller spheres of existence: the world, the community, the body, books, memory, and mind. Throughout, she reminds readers that most monks were aware that the fight against distraction could be nearly impossible to win. "Their goal," writes the author, "was an elusive synthesis of body and mind that could elevate them above the world's distractions." That synthesis was elusive, indeed, as distractions were unending and unyielding, but monks were able to develop coping mechanisms. Some methods were simple and commonly known (limits on conversation or personal ownership of objects). Others were more subtle, such as flooding former memories with new and holier memories or reading in a deliberately active style, keeping the individual aware and focused. Kreiner uses a wide array of primary sources spanning the entirety of medieval Christendom, creating a pleasantly readable result. Good proof that the problem of distraction is nothing new. Copyright (c) Kirkus Reviews, used with permission.