How states think The rationality of foreign policy

John J. Mearsheimer

Book - 2023

"To understand world politics, you need to understand how states think. Are states rational? Much of international relations theory assumes that they are. But many scholars believe that political leaders rarely act rationally. The issue is crucial for both the study and practice of international politics, for only if states are rational can scholars and policymakers understand and predict their behavior. John J. Mearsheimer and Sebastian Rosato argue that rational decisions in international politics rest on credible theories about how the world works and emerge from deliberative decision-making processes. Using these criteria, they conclude that most states are rational most of the time, even if they are not always successful. Mearshei...mer and Rosato make the case for their position, examining whether past and present world leaders, including George W. Bush and Vladimir Putin, have acted rationally in the context of momentous historical events, including both world wars, the Cold War, and the post-Cold War era. By examining this fundamental concept in a novel and comprehensive manner, Mearsheimer and Rosato show how leaders think, and how to make policy for dealing with other states."--Dust jacket.

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  • Preface
  • Chapter 1. The Rational Actor Assumption
  • Chapter 2. Strategic Rationality and Uncertainty
  • Chapter 3. Defining Strategic Rationality
  • Chapter 4. Contending Definitions
  • Chapter 5. Rationality and Grand Strategy
  • Chapter 6. Rationality and Crisis Management
  • Chapter 7. Nonrational State Behavior
  • Chapter 8. Goal Rationality
  • Chapter 9. Rationality in International Politics
  • Notes 227
  • Index
Review by Choice Review

In an attempt to undermine and critique contemporary theories of decision-making that emphasize leaders' beliefs, personalities, experiences, and world views, Mearsheimer (Univ. of Chicago) and Rosato (Univ. of Notre Dame) argue that most international decisions are rational. Their comprehensive account covers cases from World War I to Russia's war with Ukraine. The authors provide a strong critique of the role of leaders in decision-making, highlighting the problem of determining rationality based on the effectiveness of a policy. However, they do not themselves provide an alternative definition of rationality that is workable, claiming that rationality is "making sense of the world for the purpose of ... the pursuit of desired goals" (p. 2). Their definition of rationality ends up being just as weak as the definitions they critique. Even so, the book is not only worth reading but makes an important contribution to the field by reigniting the debate itself and engaging in a serious discussion about why leaders, and consequently states, make decisions. By entering the debate on the side of rationality, the authors have clearly staked out their position, providing many questions and issues for the reader to consider. Summing Up: Highly recommended. All readership levels. --Michael F Cairo, Transylvania University

Copyright American Library Association, used with permission.