Bark! The science of helping your anxious, fearful, or reactive dog

Companion Animal Psychology blogger Todd (Wag) explores how to help skittish canines cope with their anxieties in this solid manual. Explaining that fearfulness in dogs is likely caused by a mixture of genetic and environmental factors, she cites research that found 10 genetic markers associated with heightened anxiety in dogs, and that puppies who aren't exposed to many people before they're 14 weeks old are more likely to fear strangers as adults. The guidance largely revolves around using "counterconditioning" and exposure therapy to disrupt negative associations with fear-inducing stimuli. For instance, Todd recommends that owners of dogs who are afraid of other dogs might feed them "yummy treats whenever they spot another dog" or set up playdates where they can spend time around a more relaxed canine. For dogs with separation anxiety, Todd suggests owners start by leaving their dogs alone for "very short absences and gradually build up to longer ones." For those fearful of going to the vet, owners can schedule "happy visits" during which dogs explore the facilities and meet office personnel while receiving lots of treats. The focus on positive reinforcement doesn't break new ground, but Todd's specific suggestions on implementing the technique are helpful. Owners of anxious dogs will find this a salve. Photos. (Oct.)